Optics
This section covers the values that are settled by calculation first: the size of one pixel on the object, working distance (WD) and depth of field. How many pixels a defect occupies on screen is decided by these numbers before any algorithm runs.
Start with these
- How to Calculate Machine-Vision Lens Focal Length — the basic formula from FOV, WD and sensor size
- Machine Vision Lens Calculator — where the shortcut formula breaks at higher magnification, plus depth of field and diffraction
- Vision Types Split First by Wavelength and Pixel Size — several vision methods compared in one table
- In SWIR, One Stop Down Erases a 3.4 µm Pixel — how diffraction covers a pixel as wavelength grows
Unfamiliar terms are explained in the Glossary, and a reading order across topics is in the Start Here guide.
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In Machine-Vision Inspection, Physics Comes Before Software
A part passing at 500 mm/s shot with a 1 ms exposure smears across 30.6 pixels and the 50 μm crack disappears. Holding it to half a pixel takes a 16.3 μs exposure…
