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Why Does a Fanless Edge Device Slow Down by Afternoon?
A fanless module drawing 15 W at 40 °C ambient climbs to 77.5 °C with a 25-minute time constant, yet a 5-minute benchmark sees 18 % of the rise. A fixed 85 %…
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One Lighting Angle Decides the OCR Read Rate on Molded Characters
Molded characters 50 μm high with 300 μm stroke spacing read by their shadows only between 18.4° and 53.7° of elevation. Choosing 20° keeps them readable down to 13.4 μm of height, but…
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Why an Average Latency Inside the Deadline Is Not Safe
An average of 33.6 ms is just over half of a 60 ms deadline, but per-stage p99 values add up to 53.1 ms, leaving 6.9 ms. Transfer and inference each add 6 ms…
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The Black Spot in the Middle of a Dome Light Is the Camera Hole
Image a plated cap with a 6 mm radius of curvature in a dome 180 mm across and the reflected camera hole leaves a 0.53 mm dark spot covering 81 px. Cutting the…
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Where Do Fine Defects Go When You Shrink to 640 × 640?
Shrink a 20 MP PCB image to 640 px and a 90 μm defect is left at 0.35 px. Seventy tiles with a 64 px overlap take 560 ms, past a 400 ms…
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Coaxial Light Alone Does Not Settle Fine Scratches on Polished Metal
Turn on collimated coaxial light over polished metal and only 31.8% of a 75 mm lens field lights up, while a 1° tilt shifts the bright circle 7.2 mm. Add a diffuser and…
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When Light Runs Short, a SPAD Sensor Counts Photons Instead of Extending Exposure
Split 100 photons over 30 frames and a standard CMOS sensor's signal-to-noise ratio falls from 7.5 to 4.5, while a SPAD adds them without read noise. But 256 pixels see only 4.27 mm,…
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Adding Reasons to an AOI Defect Call with a Vision Language Model
A vision language model behind AOI can only cite differences the lighting has already captured. Two channels of coaxial and low-angle ring light, ten pixels on an 80 μm bridge, 130 human reviews…
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In SWIR Imaging, Lighting and Aperture Keep the Defect Contrast
Film lifting in a film insert molded cover darkens by 7.7 % in SWIR transmission but only by 3 % for a 0.1 μm gap, and at 1,450 nm a 3.45 μm pixel…
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Catching 20 μm Sink Marks on High-Gloss Molded Parts with Phase Measuring Deflectometry
A sink mark 20 μm deep and 3 mm wide tilts the surface by 20.9 mrad, which moves the reflected fringes 16.8 mm on a screen 400 mm away. A 2.9 mm defocus…
